2.
   2024
/   

 : 3     :50
:     -    ,          
                
 -
1.             :
() 
() 
() 
2.           
 -
3.   ?      
4.            
 -
2.
5.         :-
()  
()    
6.      :-
()                 
()            
-
7.                ?
8.      ?        
2.
   2024
/   

 : 3     :50
:     -    ,          
                
 -
1.             :
() 
() 
() 
:() 
 
       
  -   ,     
  
    
   
       ,       
    
    
        
                   
       
2.
 ,                  
   
     
  
   
 
   
   (    )
               , 
       ,  
      
  ,     
   (dB)   
 :
  30 dB
  60 dB
   90 dB
   120–140 dB
 
  ( )     ,   
     
            
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 :
 =      
() 
 
2.
               
 ,   
     
    
               ,   
            
 , 
   
  

?   
    
 :
       
      
         
    "" 
     
         
       
      - 
 
  ( )
     ,       
    
           -  
    -    
          
 
        ,       
 
          
2.
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 :
 =      
() 
 
     
 
  -   ,    
     
    
    :
   
    
      ,     
   
   :
  
    
           '   
     
    
   
    
  
   (    )
   '            
   
2.
   
   (, )    
:
    100–300 Hz
    → 256 Hz
    
         ,  
     
   ,  
    
 
     
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 :
 =        
  
          
       :
         
       
       
 
      ,        
     
    :
    
 /
 
   
  
   
2.
         :

   ,   ,         

         
 
         
 
, ,  ,  
    
  (      )
        :
   
 / 
   
   :
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 = 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 = 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 = 

    
  
  -        
  -             ,
         
,          
    ,       ,  , 
               
2.
2.           
:󷋇󷋈󷋉󷋊󷋋󷋌   
:  14-  () 
:   '   ( )    ,   
   
 
:14  6  ()    
 ( ):   ,     
 (  ):8
 ',      
 ( ):

 -  |  -  |  |  -  |  -  |  - 
        (    )   
󷊨󷊩  ?
    ,   ,    '      
          
 ,  ,   '     
󷙣󷙤󷙥     
 1

  -   |   -   |   -   |   -  
         '    
  '   ,     
 2

    |   -   |   -   |     
     "   "      
  ' -   ,   
 
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼   ?
2.
          ,     ' 
     
      ,        
    
 
󷙣󷙤󷙥      
  1
:    

    |     |   
      
   '    
  2
:     

    |     |    
      
    ,   ""  '      
󽆪󽆫󽆬  (, , )
( ):   
 ( ):   
 ( ):   
    -     ,       
 :
'' ,  1       
,      :        
 ,     :                
      
 
󷊨󷊩
2.
 ,  14-    ,      
           ,  , 
      ,          ,
    
 
 -
3.   ?      
:""   ()?
    , ""           
     ()        '    :
    (   , ,  ):
 =    ()        
   :
 =       -     
   ,    :
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔               - 
  
   (  )
                        
                
      
    :
       
 
        
        
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔      = 
2.
    
,         
    (  )
      :
  (   )
  ( )
- (  )
- (   )
 ()     
             :
   (   )
      
       
  (  )
  : (16 )
 : ( )
 /  :
   
   
   
  
    :
 -   
    ()
         
   
   
 
     
2.
    (   )
  ,                
  -         
         
  
    

       
    
 -   +  +  
 
 
       
:
   
 
      
     
    
   
       
     ( )
     ,     :
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  -       
 (  -  ):
  | |  |  ||
  | |  | ||
   
     -   
  

 
2.

  
/
 

 

 
-   
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔" =     "

                  
      ,       ,   
 ,        ,     
              
      
  
 
4.            
:󷋇󷋈󷋉󷋊󷋋󷋌   
:    14-  () ,       
 
:14  4  ()    :
o  : 5 
o  : 2 
o  : 5 
o  : 2 
 ( ):   ,     
 (  ):8
 ',      
 ( ):

     |  - |       |  -
             
2.
󷊨󷊩   ?
      ,         

       ,    '     
  
   , , 
, , ,       , 
  '     
󷙣󷙤󷙥        
  1

  -   |   -   |    - |     
  14       '    
             
   2

     |      |      |     
     '   
  ' -   ,   
 
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼   ?
          ,     ' 
     
      ,        
    
 
󷙣󷙤󷙥        
  1
:    

    |     |    
      
   '    
2.
  2
:    

    |     |    
      
    ,   ""  '      
󽆪󽆫󽆬     

1.     :       ,  
          
2.     : 14-   ,     
3.     :         
       
4.   :         , 
   
 
󷊨󷊩
  ,  14-   ,        
         ,  ,    
             

 
 -
5.         :-
()  
()    
:(a)   .  -     
   (1940–2021)         
              
   ,              
    
 -  ,       
2.
     
 .     (  )      
   ,  ,         
             ,  
       
   ,            , 
   '            
  '            ,  
            
               
  
 .                
      :
     
   
    
  -  ()   ,       
     ,       
  
          ,      
 
               
       
          
 -     
   :
          
    
     
     '  
         
    ,  
             

-,    ,    -     
2.
   
 .       '   '    
             
       :
  
   ( )
 
   
             
   ,          ,
     ,        
  ,           
     
 .          
,     
 
:
       
     
   
      
,             
   
 ,             ,
   
             
  2021  ,     
 :
 
 
        
   ,  .   "      
  
 "
2.
()    -      
       ,    '   
           ,   
                 
,        
 
      
    20
       '   
             ,    
             
 
            ,    
            
          
      
       ,       
      '   :
   
   
 
  ()
             ,  
   
     ,      ' 

   ,    :
  
  
 
 
 
     ,       
            
     :
2.
  
  
 
  
     ,       
    
           
       ,         
   
  
              
     ,        

       
    ,  :
    
 
  
-   
       ,     '  
    
     
          :
      
       
  
    
           ,    
      ,      
 
   
     ,          
           
2.
     :
 
 
  
6.      :-
()                 
()            
:󻏂󻏃󻏄󻏅󻏆󻏇󻏈    ?
       9- (9 )        :
4 + 2 + 3
    ( )      :
 |  |  | 
(  -  ;        )
 (a):               
󷋇󷋈󷋉󷋊󷋋󷋌   ?
    -          ()  ,
  -         ()   
   
 :
1.  ( )
2. 4  ()
3.  (   3   )
 ( A)
     
2.
   |    |    | 
(    )
  
 1
   |    |   |  
 2
  |   |    |   
 3
   |    |    | 
 4
    |   |   |   
 
      
      
      
()
 ():          
     
󽁗    ?
       , , , , ,      
     
    " " -   '      , 
  
2.
󷚰󷚱󷚲󷚳󷚴󷚵󷚶󷚷󷚸󷚹󷚺󷚻󷚼󷚽󷚾󷚿󷛀󷛁  ?
    ,          :



   ( )    
-
7.                ?
:󷙣󷙤󷙥     ?
           (   )
               
       ,       
 
   ,  ( )     , , , , 
        ,          
   
󻏂󻏃󻏄󻏅󻏆󻏇󻏈     : 
               ,  ,  
      
   
  (  )               
  
󹶪󹶫󹶬󹶭        
             
     ,       
2.
           
           ,      
 
   '   ( )      
 ,     
 -        
󷚆󷚇󷚈        
?
                :
󷄧󷄫        
         , ,      
       ,          
 
󷄧󷄬       
      ,         ' 
  :
  ()
  
- 
          
󷄧󷄭   

       ,        
            
 
󷄧󷄮    
    ,      :
 
    
 
  
2.
     ,     
󻏂󻏃󻏄󻏅󻏆󻏇󻏈   (  )
 ,     :
  ( )
  
-    
     
  (  )
    
  
     
   :
     
   ()  
    
󷙢    
     
      :




, 
, 

 
   

 
   

  
  
 
 
-
-       
        
    ,       
󷩡󷩟󷩠      
2.
 ,            :
     
    
  
 
      
   
               ,
    


󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  
  ,   
 -         
 :
  
    
  
    
 ,         
󷙣󷙤󷙥     
  ,               
   :
   
 
   
     
,        ,     
     '   
2.
8.      ?        
:󷋇󷋈󷋉󷋊󷋋󷋌" 
"       ?
 
  " "  ,  
      :
  (  )   :     ,   , 
, , ,
,   
: ( )     ,    ( )
           
 :       (  Na),     
     (  Ta)
  :       ,       
󷊨󷊩     
1.   
    '   
 ,     ' 
    ,   

      
 Ge            
 
2.     
      ,  '       

    ,       ,     
3.   
             ,    
   
           - 
       
4.         
 ,     
2.
 ,     
  ,            
 
        
5.    
             
     
           
󷙣󷙤󷙥         
: ()   ()         '  
 
:
     '   ,    
    
 : '   ,         
: '   ,       
               
  ,          
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  
   
1.  :   
 -       , 
      
2.  :   ,         
    
 
3. :    ,         
4.   :,         
'   
󽆪󽆫󽆬  
  ,       -       
    -     ,         
,  ,    
,      
2.
         
;        
    ,     
 ,     
                

 -      
󷊨󷊩
     '         
    
,     ,        
  ,       -  ,      
   
"                 
 
          ,         
 "